The rise in popularity of 80 percent lower receivers has opened up exciting opportunities for firearm enthusiasts to build their own rifles and pistols. These unfinished receivers allow for customization and assembly without the need for a federal firearm license (FFL). However, there are important considerations to keep in mind before embarking on this DIY journey. This article will cover the essential knowledge you need before working with an 80 percent lower receiver.
Understanding the 80 Percent Lower Receiver
What is an 80 Percent Lower Receiver?
An 80 percent lower receiver is a partially completed firearm receiver that is not fully machined. This means it requires additional work to be legally classified as a firearm. The 80 percent designation indicates that the receiver is 80 percent complete, leaving the end-user with the responsibility to perform the remaining machining tasks.
Legal Considerations
Before starting any project involving an 80 percent lower receiver, it is crucial to understand the legal landscape. In many jurisdictions, 80 percent lowers are legal to purchase and own without an FFL. However, regulations can vary widely by state and locality. It’s essential to research and understand the laws in your area to ensure compliance and avoid potential legal issues.
Tools and Equipment Needed
Essential Tools
Working with an 80 percent lower receiver requires specific tools to complete the machining process. Some essential tools include:
- Drill Press: A drill press provides the precision needed for drilling holes accurately.
- Router or Milling Machine: For shaping the receiver and completing the necessary cuts.
- Jig: Many 80 percent lowers come with a jig that guides the user through the machining process.
- Hand Tools: Basic hand tools like wrenches, screwdrivers, and files will also be necessary.
Safety Gear
Safety should always be a priority when working with machinery. Ensure you have the following safety gear:
- Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from debris and dust.
- Ear Protection: Use earplugs or earmuffs to protect against noise.
- Dust Mask: A dust mask can help filter out harmful particles during the machining process.
The Machining Process
Step-by-Step Guide
- Secure the Receiver: Install the 80 percent lower into the jig to keep it stable during machining.
- Drilling: Use the drill press to create the necessary holes for the trigger, hammer, and safety selector.
- Shaping: Use a router or milling machine to shape the lower receiver according to the specifications provided by the jig.
- Cleaning: After machining, clean the receiver to remove any debris or metal shavings.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Rushing the Process: Take your time to ensure each step is performed accurately. Rushing can lead to mistakes and potentially ruin the receiver.
- Improper Measurements: Always double-check measurements before drilling or cutting to avoid costly errors.
- Neglecting Safety: Always prioritize safety by wearing appropriate gear and using tools correctly.
Customization and Assembly
Choosing Components
Once the machining is complete, the next step is to select the components for your build. This includes the upper receiver, barrel, stock, and other parts. Consider your intended use for the firearm, whether it’s for home defense, hunting, or recreational shooting, as this will influence your component choices.
Assembly Tips
- Follow Instructions: Many manufacturers provide detailed assembly instructions. Follow these closely to ensure proper installation.
- Use Quality Parts: Invest in high-quality components to ensure reliability and performance.
- Test Functionality: Once assembled, perform a function check to ensure everything operates smoothly before live firing.
Conclusion
Working with an 80 percent lower receiver can be a rewarding experience, offering the chance to create a custom firearm tailored to your preferences. However, it requires careful consideration of legal regulations, the right tools, and a commitment to safety. By understanding the machining process and taking the necessary precautions, you can successfully build a firearm that meets your needs and enhances your shooting experience. Whether you’re a seasoned gunsmith or a beginner, the journey of building your own firearm can be both educational and fulfilling.